Graphical and Visual Data Representation

Visualizing data with graphical aids (bar charts, scatter plots, pie charts, histograms, boxplots, heat maps, ogives, and polygons)

The use of intuitive charts to clearly interpret and simplify data sets is referred to as graphical representation. Data is input into a data software's graphical representation, which is then represented by a set of symbols, such as lines on a line chart, bars on a bar chart, or slices on a pie chart, from which users can obtain more information than from numerical analysis alone. Representational graphics can help predict and make better data-driven decisions by easily illustrating general behavior and highlighting phenomena, anomalies, and interactions between data points that would otherwise go unnoticed. The types of representational graphics used is dependent on the type of data that is being analyzed.

A pie chart is a type of graph that uses a circular graph to view data. The graph's pieces are equal to the percentage of the total in each group. In other words, the size of each slice of the pie is proportional to the size of the group as a whole.

Dots are used to display values for two separate numeric variables in a scatter plot (also known as a scatter map or scatter graph). The values for each data point are shown by the location of each dot on the horizontal and vertical axes. Scatter plots are used to see how variables relate to one another.

This is a chart that uses rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values they represent to display categorical data. The bars may be plotted either horizontally or vertically. A column map is another name for a vertical bar chart.

A histogram is a graphical representation of data that uses bars of varying heights. Each bar in a histogram divides numbers into ranges. More data falls within the range as the bars get taller. The shape and distribution of continuous sample data are represented by a histogram.

A box plot or boxplot (also known as box and whisker plot) is a type of chart commonly used in explanatory data analysis in descriptive statistics. By showing the data quartiles (or percentiles) and averages, box plots visually depict the distribution of numerical data and skewness.

A heatmap is a type of chart that uses color intensity to differentiate between different levels of values. For example, a variable with three different values can be represented by three different shades of blue, dark blue for the higher values, medium blue for the middle values and a light blue for the lower values. A reader can clearly see the variation of the different values at a glance.

Ogives are graphs that are used to estimate the number of numbers that are below or above a given variable or value in data. To create an Ogive, first use a frequency table to measure the average frequency of the variables.

Any two-dimensional structure made up of straight lines is called a polygon. Polygons include triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, and hexagons, among others. The name indicates how many sides the shape has and is used to describe data based on the polygon shape's number of sides.

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